The Effects of the Increased Euroscepticism on Eu Enlargement Policy on Western Balkans

Anes Makul

Abstract


The subject of this paper is the analysis of the effects of the increased number of right-wing Eurosceptics on the enlargement policy of the EU on Western Balkans. The aim of this work is, on the one hand, to point at the increased number of the right-wing Eurosceptic political parties, and to analyze how they affect the widening policy. The major argument is that the right-wing Eurosceptic parties reduce the scope of the traditional parties regarding EU integration, which influences the enlargement policy. The
increased support of the right-wing Eurosceptic parties is just one factor affecting the enlargement policy.
An additional factor for a less devoted enlargement policy towards the Balkans States is that would include a longer period of institutional adaption in the EU, but also the adaption of new members on each other. Second, a factor of the less devoted enlargement policy was the economic crises the EU coped with, and which have contributed to the rise of the right-wing Euroscepticism.


Keywords


EU Enlargement; Euroscepticism; Right-wing populism; Western Balkans

Full Text:

PDF

References


Albertazzi, Daniele, Arianna Giovannini, Antonella Seddone (2018), ˝“No regionalism please, we are Leghisti !” The transformation of the Italian Lega Nord under the leadership of Matteo Salvini˝, Regional & Federal Studies. Routledge, 28(5), 645-671.

Alternative für Deutschland (2014), Mut zu Deutschland. Für ein Europa der Vielfalt, Available at: http://www.afdbayern.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/ 86/2014/12/Europaprogramm-der-AfD1.pdf (Accessed: 15 March 2017)

Alternative für Deutschland (2019) Programm der Alternative für Deutschland für die Wahl zum 9. Europäischen Parlament 2019, Available at: https://www. afd.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/111/2018/11/Leitantrag-Europawahlprogramm-2019.pdf.

Barroso, José Manuel (2011), European renewal – State of the Union Address 2011, European Commission, Available at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-11-607_en.htm (Accessed: 14 May 2019)

Barroso, José Manuel (2012), State of the Union 2012 Address, European Commission, Available at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-12- 596_en.htm (Accessed: 14 May 2019)

Barroso, José Manuel (2013), State of the Union Address 2013, European Commission, Available at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-13- 684_en.htm (Accessed: 14 May 2019)

Bastian, Jens (2017), ˝China`s Footprint in Southeast Europe: Constructing the ‘’Balkan Silk Road’’˝, Südosteuropa Mitteilungen, 4-5, 8-25.

Bechev, Dimitar (2017), Rival power: Russia’s influence in Southeast Europe, Yale University Press, New Haven and London

Bieber, Ina, Sigrid Roßteutscher, Philipp Scherer (2018), ˝Die Metamorphosen der AfD-Wählerschaft: Von einer euroskeptischen Protestpartei zu einer (r)echten Alternative?˝, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 59(3), 433-461.

Börzel, Tanja, Antoaneta Dimitrova, Frank Schimmelfennig (2017), ˝European Union enlargement and integration capacity: concepts, findings, and policy implications˝, Journal of European Public Policy, 24(2), 157-176.

Brack, Nathalie, Nicholas Startin (2015), ˝Introduction: Euroscepticism, from the margins to the mainstream˝, International Political Science Review, 36(3), 239-249.

Decker, Franck (2018), ˝Was ist Rechtspopulismus?˝, Politische Vierteljahre- sschrift, 59(2), 353-369.

Deutscher Bundestag (2018), Drucksache19/3446 - Antwort der Bundesregie- rung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Armin-Paulus Hampel, Petr Bystron, Franziska Gminder, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion der AfD, Available at: https://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/19/034/1903446.pdf.

Euractiv (2017), EU ministers: Balkans becoming ‘chessboard’ for big powers, Euractiv, Available at: https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/ eu-ministers-balkans-becoming-chessboard-for-big-powers/ (Accessed: 7 May 2019)

European Commission (2011), Eurobarometer 76 - Public Opinion in the European Union

European Commission (2018), ˝A credible enlargement perspective for and enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans˝, 1-19. Available at: https: //ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/roadmap-factsheet- tallinn_en.pdf (Accessed: 25 April 2019)

European Council (2003), Thessaloniki European Council 2003 - Presidency Conclusions

European Council (2018), Remarks by President Donald Tusk after the EU- Western Balkans summit, Press release, Available at: https://www.consili- um.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/05/17/remarks-by-president- donald-tusk-after-the-eu-western-balkans-summit/ (Accessed: 22 February 2019)

Falkner, Gerda, Georg Plattner (2019), ˝EU Policies and Populist Radical Right Parties’ Programmatic Claims: Foreign Policy, Anti-discrimination and the Single Market˝, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 58 (3), 723-739

Freyburg, Tina, Solveig Richter (2010), ˝National identity matters: the limited impact of EU political conditionality in the Western Balkans˝, Journal of European Public Policy, 17(2), 263-281.

Grabow, Karsten, Florian Hartleb (2013), ˝Mapping Present-day Right-wing Populists˝, in: Grabow, K. and Hartleb, F. (eds), Exposing the Demagogues: Right-wing and National Populist Parties in Europe. 1st edn, Centre for European Studies & Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Brussels, 13-44.

Hameleers, Michael, Linda Bos, Claes de Vreese (2017), ˝Framing blame: toward a better understanding of the effects of populist communication on populist party preferences˝, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 28(3), 380-398.

Heinisch, Reinhard, Kristina Hauser (2016), ˝The mainstreaming of the Austrian Freedom Party: the more things change…˝, in: Akkerman, T., de Lange, S. L., and Rooduijn, M. (eds.), Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream? Routledge, 73-93.

Hertz, Robin, Dirk Leuffen (2011), ˝Too big to run? Analyzing the impact of enlargement on the speed of EU decision-making˝, European Union Politics, 12(2), 193-215.

Hirschmann, Kai (2017), Der Aufstieg des Nationalpopulismus, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn

Hix, Simon (2018), ˝Decentralised federalism˝, in: Martill, B. and Staiger, U. (eds), Brexit and Beyond, UCL Press (Rethinking the Futures of Europe), 72-80.

Hobolt, Sara B., Catherine d Vries, C. (2016), ˝Turning against the Union? The impact of the crisis on the Eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European Parliament elections˝, Electoral Studies, 44, 504-514.

Huskić, Adnan (2020), ˝Bosnia and Herzegovina - Abandoned by the West, embraced by the East?˝, in: Bieber, F. and Tzifakis, N. (eds) The Western Balkans in the World Linkages and Relations with Non-Western Countries, Routledge, 83-104.

Juncker, Jean-Claude (2017), President Jean-Claude Juncker’s State of the Union Address 2017. Available at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEE- CH-17-3165_en.htm.

Kaniok, Petr, Vit Hloušek (2016), ˝Euroscepticism and the prospects of future enlargement of the EU˝, in: Paper prepared for the 8th Pan-European Conference on the European Union: ‘The Union’s Institutional and Constitutional Transformations: Stress or Adaptation?’ University of Trento, 1-17.

Lippert, Barbara (2007), ˝Alle paar Jahre wieder – Dynamik und Steuerungsversuche des EU-Erweiterungsprozesses˝, Integration, 30(4), 422-439.

Lippert, Barbara (2017), ˝Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union˝, in: Böttger, K. and Jopp, M. (eds.), Handbuch zur deutschen Europapolitik, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn, 393-406.

Macron, Emmanuel (2017), Initiative for Europe Speech by M. Emmanuel Macron, President of the French Republic, Available at: https://www.diploma-* tie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/english_version_transcript_-_initiative_for_europe_- _speech_by_the_president_of_the_french_republic_cle8de628.pdf.

March, Jasme G., Johan P. Olsen (1998), ˝The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders˝, International Organization, 52(4), 943-969.

Marks, Gary, Liesbet Hooghe (2009), ˝A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus˝, British Journal of Political Science, 39(1), 1-23.

Mayer, Nonna (2013), ˝From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right˝, Parliamentary Affairs, 66 (1), 160-178.

Moffitt, Benjamin (2016), The global rise of populism: performance, political style, and representation, Stanford University Press, Stanford

Mudde, Cas (2004), ˝The Populist Zeitgeist˝, Government and Opposition, 39 (4), 541-563.

Mudde, Cas (2007), Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Münkler, Herfried (2017), ˝Deutsche Hegemonie in Europa? Über die Rolle und Aufgaben einer “Macht in der Mitte”˝, in; Rüttgers, J. and Decker, F. (eds.), Europas Ende, Europas Anfang. Neue Perspektiven für die Europäische Union, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn, 103-116.

N1 (2019) French Minister: EU not ready for enlargement, N1. Available at: http://ba.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a318287/French-Minister-EU-not-ready- for-enlargement.html (Accessed: 17 April 2019).

O’Brennan, John (2018), EU enlargement to the Western Balkans: towards 2025 and beyond. Institute of International and European Affairs, Dublin, Available at: https://www.iiea.com/publication/iiea-publication-eu-enlargement-to-the-western-balkans-towards-2025-beyond/.

Panreck, Isabelle-Christine (2019), ˝Rechtspopulismus - historisches Phäno- men, politischer Kampfbegriff, analytisches Konzept?˝, in: Brinkmann, H. U. and Panreck, I-C. (eds,), Rechtspopulismus in Einwanderungsgesellschaften: Die politische Auseinandersetzung um Migration und Integration, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, 25-41.

Pernthaler, Peter, Peter Hilpold (2000), ˝Sanktionen als Instrument der Politikkontrolle - Der Fall Österreich˝, Integration, 23(2), 105-115.

Pollak, Johannes (2007), ˝EUropäische Werte?˝, in; Csáky, M. and Feichtinger, J. (eds.), Europa - geeint durch Werte?Die europäische Wertedebatte auf dem Prüfstand der Geschichte, transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 89-102.

Puntscher Riekmann, Sonja (2016), ˝Geld und Souveränität˝, in: Bieling, H- J. and Große Hüttmann, M. (eds.), Europäische Staatlichkeit: Zwischen Krise und Integration, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, 203-221.

Ripoll, Ariadna (2019), ˝The new European Parliament: more eurosceptic?˝, The UK in a Changing Europe, Available at: https://ukandeu.ac.uk/the-new-european-parliament-more-eurosceptic/#.

Roth, Michael (2018), ˝Der Westbalkan ist Europas Innenhof˝, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 2 June, p. 10., Available at: https://www.auswaertiges- amt.de/de/newsroom/roth-frankfurter-allgemeine/2102814.

Startin, Nicholas (2015), ˝Have we reached a tipping point? The mainstreaming of Euroscepticism in the UK˝, International Political Science Review, 36(3), 311-323.

Szczerbiak, Aleks, Paul Taggart (2017), ˝Contemporary research on Euro-skepticism: The state of the art˝, in: The Routledge Handbook of Euroscepticism, Taylor and Francis, 11-21.

The Guardian (2019), ˝Revealed: the rise and rise of populist rhetoric˝, The Guardian, Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/ 2019/mar/06/revealed-the-rise-and-rise-of-populist-rhetoric (Accessed: 26 March 2019)

Topaloff, Liubomir (2017), ˝Euroscepticism and political parties: Theory and practice˝, in: The Routledge Handbook of Euroscepticism, Taylor and Francis, 63-74.

Treib, Oliver (2014), ˝The voter says no, but nobody listens: causes and consequences of the Eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European elections˝, Journal of European Public Policy, 21 (10), 1541-1554.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 2490-3604 (print) ● ISSN: 2490-3647 (online)

Društvene i humanističke studije - DHS is under the Creative Commons licence.