Student-Teachers’ Views on Racism and Racial Nomenclature in Children’s Literature
Abstract
This research aims to explore student-teachers’ views on racism and racial nomenclature in order to uncover if they are equipped with the right knowledge to recognize discriminatory language, to explore their opinions on the appropriateness of racial nomenclature in children’s literature, and to probe their views on the existence of racial discrimination in Croatia. 28 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in integrated university studies of Primary Education took part in the research. The starting point was an excerpt from Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which was followed up with a two-part questionnaire. The research findings illuminated that a substantial part of the participants show a lack of knowledge and possible biases with re- gards to their views on (in)appropriate nomenclature as well as a lack of awareness of racial discrimination in Croatia. On the other hand, the vast majority of participants believe children should know about the existence of racism and the social construct of race from an early age but seem conflicted about which racial nomenclature should be included.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ainscow, Mel, Margarida César (2006), “Inclusive Education Ten Years after Salamanca: Setting the Agenda”, European Journal of Psychology of Edu- cation, 21(3), 231-238, doi:10.1007/BF03173412.
Alonso, Andrés Canga, Daniela Cifone Ponte (2015), “An Analysis of cultural vocabulary in ELT textbooks”, Odisea, 16, 83–96.
Aptheker, Herbert, ed. (1994), A Documentary History of the Negro People of the United States: 1960-1968, Volume 7, New York, NY: Citadel Press.
Bakalović, Vanja, Julija Kranjec, Lucija Kuharić, Sara Lalić, Mirjana Mikić Zeitoun, Cvijeta Senta, Tea Vidović (2014), Racism and related discriminatory practices in employment in Croatia. ENAR Shadow Report 2012-2013. Centre for Peace Studies, Zagreb http://cms.horus.be/files/99935/MediaArchive/publications/shadow%20 report%202012-13/Croatia.pdf, accessed on 17 September 2018.
Baričević, Vedrana, Viktor Koska (2017), “Stavovi i percepcije domaće javnosti o nacionalnim manjinama, izbjeglicama i migrantima” [Public Attitudes and Perceptions about National Minorities, Refugees, and Migrants], Report published as part of the project Racism and Xenophobia: For Refugee and Ethnic Equality. https://www.cms.hr/system/publication/pdf/94/Stavovi_i_percepcije_do- a_e_javnosti_o_nacionalnim_manjinama izbjeglicama_i_migrantima.pdf, accessed on 20 September 2018.
Bartulović, Marija, Barbara Kušević (2016), Što je interkulturno obrazovanje? Priručnik za nastavnike i druge znatiželjnike, Centar za mirovne studije, Zagreb
Bell, Zenobia Desha Jaye (2013), African-American Nomenclature: The Label Identity Shift from “Negro” to “Black” in the 1960s, Master of Arts thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. https://escholarship.org/content/qt1j12q56x/qt1j12q56x.pdf, accessed on 21 October 2018.
Bennett, Lerone Jr. (November 1967), “What’s In a Name? Negro vs. Afro- American vs. Black,”Ebony, 23, 46–48, 50–52, 54. http://www.virginia.edu/woodson/courses/aas102%20%28spring%2001%29/ articles/names/bennett.htm, accessed on 17 September 2018.
Bradbery, Debbie (2015), “Using Children´s Literature to Build Concepts of Teaching About Global Citizenship.” Joint AARE APERA International Conference. Sydney: University of Newcastle, NSW. Australia, 2012, 1-7.
Bretz, Mary Lee (1990), “Reaction: Literature and communicative competence: A springboard for the development of critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation”, Foreign Language Annals, 23(4), 335-338.
Burbules, Nicholas C., Carlos Alberto Torres (2000), “Globalization and Education: an Introduction”, in: Burbules, Nicholas C., Torres, Carlos Alberto, eds. Globalization and education: Critical perspectives (pp. 1–26). New York, NY: Routledge
Butković, Matea (2017), World War II and the Black in American Literature, doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana
Byram, Michael, Bella Gribkova, Hugh Starkey, Developing the Intercultural Dimension in Language Teaching. A Practical Introduction for Teachers, http://lrc.cornell.edu/rs/roms/507sp/ExtraReadings/Section0/uploads/File 1235272745204/InterculturalDimensionByram.pdf, accessed on 10 July 2018.
United States Census Bureau (2010) In: Race and Racism, (n.d.). 103–133. http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upmbinaries/57245_Chapter_4.pdf, accessed on 12 May 2016.
Collie, Joanne, Stephen Slater (1987), Literature in the Language Classroom, Cambridge University Press, Cambrdge
De Walt, Patrick S. (2013), “Discourse on African American/Black Identity: Engaging the Expanded Nigrescence Theory with a Diasporic Consciousness”, Springer Plus, 2, 233, 1–10. https://springerplus.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2193-1801-2-233, accessed on 17 September 2018.
Denka, Andrzej (2005), Lesestrategien und Lesesteuerungsstrategien beim Einsatzliterarischer Texte im Fremdsprachen unterricht, Lang, Frankfurt am Main
Dimitrijević, Naum R. (1977), “Problems and Implications of Contrastive Analysis of Vocabulary and Culture”, Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 7, 133–144.
Evans, Mark (2006), “Educating for Citizenship: What Teachers Say and What Teachers Do”, Canadian Journal of Education, 29(2), 410–435.
Guo, Linyuan (2013), “Translating Global Citizenship Education into Pedagogic Practices in Classroom Settings”, Education Review, 3(2), 8-9.
Guo, Linyuan (2014), “Preparing Teachers to Educate for 21st Century Global Citizenship: Envisioning and Enacting”, Journal of Global Citizenship and Equity Education, 4(1), 1–16.
Hercigonja, Zoran (2017),“Interkulturalni odgoj i obrazovanje kao imperativ razvoja interkulturalnih kompetencija”, Socijalne teme, 4(4), 103-115.
Hesar, Mohammad Pourmahmoud, Mustafa Yavuz Konca, Elham Zarfsaz (2012), “Why and How to Apply Culture in an EFL Classroom?” IPEDR, 33, 68–72.
Hrvatić Neven, Elvi Piršl (2005), ˝Kurikulum pedagoške izobrazbe i interkulturalne kompetencije učitelja˝, Pedagogijska istraživanja, 2 (2), 251-266.
Hrvatić, Neven, Elvi Piršl (2007), Kurikulum pedagoške izobrazbe učitelja. Kurikulum teorije – metodologija – sadržaj – struktura, Školska knjiga, Zagreb
Istraživački izvještaj – Zastupljenost i indikatori diskriminacijskih i ksenofobičnih stavova u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2017 [Research report – Representa- tion and Indicators of Discriminatory and Xenophobic Attitudes in the Repu- blic of Croatia in 2017], Center for Peace Studies, Kerschoffset Zagreb d.o.o. https://www.cms.hr/system/publication/pdf/98/Zastupljenost_i_indikato- ri_diskriminac_skih_i_ksenofobi_nih_stavova_u_Republici_Hrvatskoj_u_ 2017..pdf, accessed on 17 September 2018.
Izvještaj o rasizmu, ksenofobiji i etničkom ekskluzivizmu Centra za mirovne studije za 2015. godinu [Center for Peace Studies’ Report on Racism, Xeno phobia, and Ethnic Exclusivism for the year 2015], Center for Peace Studies, Zagreb
https://www.cms.hr/system/publication/pdf/82/CMS_Izvje-staj_2015_web. pdf, accessed on 17 September 2018.
Jalongo, Mary Renck (2004), Young children and picture books, National Association for the Education of Young Children
Martin, Ben L. Spring (1991), “From Negro to Black to African American: The Power of Names and Naming”, Political Science Quarterly, 106(1), 83– 107.
Matejčić, Barbara (June 18, 2012), “Racism Persists in Croatia”, The Vienna Review, https://www.viennareview.net/news/front-page/racism-persists-in- croatia accessed on 16 September 2018
Mbembe, Achille (1992), “Provisional Notes on the Postcolony”, Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 62(1), 3-37.
Mathis, Janelle (2015), “The Significance of the Arts in Culture: Learning through Children’s Literature”, Libri&Liberi, 4(1), 85–102.
Mesić Milan, Bagić, Dragan (2011), ˝Stavovi hrvatskih građana prema kulturnim različitostima˝ [Attitudes of Croatian Citizens towards Cultural Diversity], Migracijske i etničke teme, 27(1), 7–38.
Miošić-Lisjak, Nives (2017), One Step Forward, Two Steps Back Anti-dis- crimination policy in Croatia 2011-2016. Center for Peace Studies, Kerschoffset, Zagreb
Nieto, Sonia (1996), Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical Context of Mul- ticultural Education, Allyn and Bacon, Boston
Pijl, Sip Jan, Cor J. W. Meijer, Seamus Hegarty eds. (1997), Inclusive education: A global agenda, Routledge, London and New York
Pike, Graham (2008), “Reconstructing the Legend: Educating for Global Citi- zenship”, in: Abdi, Ali, Shultz, Lynette (eds.), Educating for human rights and global citizenship, State University of New York Press, Albany, pp. 223–235.
Piršl, Elvi, Mirjana Benjak, Marina Diković, Matija Jelača, Andrea Matošević (2016), Vodič za interkulturalno učenje, Naklada Ljevak, Zagreb
Premawardhena, Neelakshi Chandrasena (2005), “Integrating Literature into Foreign Language Teaching: A Sri Lankan Perspective”, Novitas-Royal, 1(2), 92-97.
Race and Racism (n.d.), 103–133.
http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/57245_ Chapter_4.pdf accessed on 10 July 2016.
Rahier, Jean M., ed. (1999), Representations of Blackness and the Performance of Identities, CT: Bergin and Garvey, Westport
Razumijevanje rasizma i ksenofobije. Izvještaj o rasizmu i ksenofobiji za 2016. godinu [Understanding Racism and Xenophobia. Report on Racism and Xenophobia for the year 2016] (2017), Center for Peace Studies, Zagreb https://www.cms.hr/system/publication/pdf/89/Razumijevanje_rasiz- ma_i_ksenofobije_2016.pdf accessed on 17 September 2018.
Riverol, Jenny Elliott (1991), “Literature in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language”, Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, 4, 65-69.
Sablić, Marija (2014), Interkulturalizam u nastavi [Interculturalism in Teachi- ng], Naklada Ljevak Zagreb
Sharman, Elizabeth (2004), Across Cultures, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow
Smith, Tom W. (1992), “Changing racial labels: From ‘colored’ to ‘negro’ to ‘black’ to ´African American´”, The Public Opinion Quarterly, 56(4), 496–514.
Smith, Gainsley C. (January 1968), “Letters to the Editor”, in: Bell, Z. D. J. (2013). African-American Nomenclature: The Label Identity Shift from ‘Negro’ to ‘Black’ in the 1960s, Master of Arts thesis, University of California, Los Angeles https://escholarship.org/content/qt1j12q56x/qt1j12q56x.pdf accessed on 5 December 2018.
Smitherman, Geneva (2006), Word from the Mother. Language and African Americans, Routledge, New York, NY
Solomon, Aida (2015), What’s in a Name? Understanding the Racial and Ethnic Labels Among People of African Descent Department of Communication, doctoral dissertation http://www.com.washington.edu/wp-content/uplo- ads/2016/02/aidas-thesis_final-version.pdf accessed on 10 October 2018.
Speight, Suzette L., Elizabeth M. Vera, Kimberly. B. Derrickson (1996), “Ra- cial Self-designation, Racial Identity, and Self-esteem Revisited”, Journal of Black Psychology, 22(1), 37–52.
Stern, Susan L. (1987), “Expanded Dimensions to Literature in ESL/EFL: An Integrated Approach”, English Teaching Forum, 25(4), 47-55.
Stevick, Earl W. (1976), Memory, meaning, and method, Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.
Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016), “The Etymology of Nigger: Re- sistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North”, Journal of the Early Republic, 36(2), 203-245.
Supporting Teacher Competence Development for Better Learning Outcomes (2013), European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/school/doc/teachercomp_en.pdf, accessed on 22 April 2018.
Teacher Education for Inclusion. Profile of Inclusive Teachers (2012), Eu- ropean Agency for Development in Special Needs Education, https://www.european-agency.org/sites/default/files/Profile-of-Inclusive- Teachers.pdf, accessed on 22 April 2018.
“The Emergence of the Term “African American” at Two Prestigious Institutions: The New York Times and the Supreme Court” (Summer, 1997), The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 16, 12–15.
UNESCO A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education (2017), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, France, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002482/248254e.pdf accessed on 21 June 2018.
UNESCO Incheon Declaration and Framework for Action for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 4. (2016), http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002456/245656e.pdf, accessed on 22 June 2018.
UNESCO International Conference on Education (2008), Inclusive Education: The Way Of The Future, Conclusions and Recommendations of the 48th session of the International Conference On Education (ICE), International Conference Centre, Geneva, 25-28 November 2008.
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Policy_Dialogue/ 48th_ICE/CONFINTED_48-5_Conclusions_english.pdf, accessed on 22 June 2018.
Van Pottelberghe, Tineke (2009), Politics and Melodrama: A Study ofUncle Tom’s Cabin, Master of Arts thesis, Ghent University Faculty of Arts and Phi losophy.
https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/414/852/RUG01- 001414852_2010_0001_AC.pdf accessed on 5 December 2018.
Villegas, Ana Maria (1991), Culturally responsive pedagogy for the 1990s and beyond, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ
Zhen, Chen (2012), “Characteristics and Strategies of Literature Teaching in the EFL Context in China”, International Journal of Electronics and Commu- nication Engineering, 5(3), 35–43.
Zilversmit, Arthur (1967), The First Emancipations: The Abolition of Slavery in the North, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 2490-3604 (print) ● ISSN: 2490-3647 (online)
Društvene i humanističke studije - DHS is under the Creative Commons licence.