Comparison of Graphic and Textual Biographies in Slovenian Literature

Ana Toplak

Abstract


The paper compares two graphic biographies with traditional biographies of the same authors – renowned Slovenian writers Alma Karlin and Ivan Cankar. It compares the manner in which graphical and text-only biographies present the characters, the character’s emotions and expressions, which life events they emphasize, and how they address the criterion of objectivity. The results suggest that the biographies in the two Slovenian graphics are less objective than textual biographies due to the pictorial material. Textual biographies present more information about the subject, while graphic biographies focus more on individual events, statements, and emotions, and present them more appealingly.

Keywords


graphic biography, Slovenia, comparing graphic novels, Ivan Cankar, Alma K. Karlin

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amalietti, Marijan (1977), Maruška Potepuška, Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana

Batič, Janja, Dragica Haramija (2016), ˝Celostno branje slikanic kot izhodišče za branje odraslih z motnjami v duševnem razvoju˝, Jezik in Slovstvo, 61(1), 35-45.

Beletrina (n/d), ˝Igor Grdina˝, Accessed January 29, 2022. https://beletrina.si/ avtor/igor-grdina

Bliss, Jennifer Anderson (2015), ˝Drawing from Life: Memory and Subjectivity in Comic Art˝, European Comic Art, 8(1), 164-166.

Booth, Alison (2004), How to Make It as a Woman: Collective Biographical History from Victoria to the Present, University Of Chicago Press, Chicago

Boswell, James (1973), The Life of Samuel Johnson, Dent, New York - London

Branigan, Edward (1992), Narrative Comprehension and Film, Routledge, London

Bullough Jr, Robert V., Stefinee Pinnegar (2001), ˝Guidelines for quality in autobiographical forms of self-study research˝, Educational researcher, 30(3), 13-21.

Butler, Paul (2012), James Boswell’s ˝Life of Johnson˝: The First Modern Biography, University of Mary Washington Libraries

Casper, Scott E. (1999), Constructing American Lives: Biography & Culture in Nineteenth-Century America, University Of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill

Dobida, Karel (1957), Hinko Smrekar, DZS, Ljubljana

Dowd, Michelle M., Julie A. Eckerle (2016), Genre and Women’s Life Writing in Early Modern England, Routledge

Gardner, Jared (2008), ˝Autography’s Biography, 1972-2007˝, Biography, 31(1), 1-26.

Gombač, Žiga, Jaka Vukotič (2020), Znamenitni: Imenitne Zgodbe Znamenitih Osebnosti v Stripu, Rokus Klett, Ljubljana

Gorman, Michele (2007), ˝Graphic Biographies˝, Teacher Librarian, 34(5), 28–29.

Grdina, Igor (1992), ˝Avtobiografija pri Slovencih v drugi polovici 19. stoletja˝, Slavistična Revija, 40(4), 341–363.

Grdina, Igor (2015), ˝Biografski portret Ivana Tavčarja˝, In: Tavčarjev zbornik, ZRC SAZU, 7-82.

Grdina, Igor (2002), Ipavci: Zgodovina Slovenske Meščanske Dinastije, Založba ZRC, Ljubljana

Grdina Igor (2019), Ivan Cankar: A Portrait of a Genius (Ivan Cankar: Portret Genija), Beletrina, Ljubljana

Grdina, Igor (2010), Ivan Hribar: ˝Jedini resnični radikalec slovenski˝, Založba ZRC, Ljubljana

Groensteen, Thierry (1996), ˝Les Petites Cases du Moi: L’Autobiographie en bande dessinée˝, 9ème Art, 1, 58-83.

Grove, Laurence (2004), ˝Autobiography in early bande dessinée˝, Belphégor, 4(1); https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/bitstream/handle/10222/47694/04_01_ Grove_auto_en_cont.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Grove, Laurence (2010), Comics in French: The European Bande Dessinée in Context, Berghahn Books

Menu, Jean-Christophe, Fabrice Neaud (2021), ˝Autobiography: An Autopsy˝, European Comic Art, 14(1), 41-68.

Horjak, Ciril, Mihael Rudl, Marija Lotrič (2019), Najmanjša velika enciklopedija stripa: Strip Dr. Horowitza, Založba Pivec, Maribor

Ingram, Allan, Claude Rawson, Marshall Waingrow, James Boswell (1998), ˝James Boswell’s “Life of Johnson”: An Edition of the Original Manuscript in Four Volumes˝, The Yearbook of English Studies, Vol. 1, 1709-1765.

Jezernik, Jerneja (2009), Alma Karlin: A Citizen of the World (Alma M. Karlin: Državljanka Sveta), Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana

Kendall, Paul Murray (n/d), “biography”, Encyclopedia Britannica, Accessed December 10, 2021; https://www.britannica.com/art/biography-narrative-genre.

Kendall, Paul Murray (1965), The Art of Biography, Norton, New York

Klemenčič, Jakob, Marijan Pušavec (2015), Alma M. Karlin: A Provincial Cosmopolitan Woman (Alma M. Karlin: Svetovljanka Iz Province), Forum, Ljubljana

Klemenčič, Tina (2019), Slikanice brez besedila na Slovenskem: otrok kot (so) ustvarjalec pripovedi, PhD diss., Univerza v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fakulteta

Knjigarna Bukla (n/d), ˝Alma M. Karlin: Svetovljanka iz province˝, Accessed January 29, 2022. https://www.bukla.si/knjigarna/leposlovje/strip/alma-m- karlin-svetovljanka-iz-province.html.

La Cour, Erin, Anna Poletti (2022), ˝Graphic Medicine’s Possible Futures: Reconsidering Poetics and Reading˝, Biography, 44(2), 1-23.

P. G. (n/d), ˝Prva nemška biografija Alme M. Karlin uvrščena na pomemben mednarodni seznam˝, MMC RTV SLO. Accessed January 29, 2022. https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/knjige/prva-nemska-biografija-alme-m-karlin-uvrscena-na-pomemben-mednarodni-seznam/531144.

Rifkind, Candida (2008), ˝Drawn from Memory: Comics Artists and Intergenerational Auto/Biography˝, Canadian Review of American Studies, 38(3), 399–427.

Rifkind, Candida (2017), ˝Graphic Life Narratives and Teaching the Art of Failure˝, A/B: Auto/Biography Studies, 32(2), 104–107.

Rifkind, Candida (2019), ˝Research Methods for Studying Graphic Biography˝, In: Kate Douglas and Ashley Barnwell (eds.), Research Methodologies for Auto/biography Studies, Routledge, New York, 68-75.

Rifkind, Candida (2020), ˝The Elements of a Life: Lauren Redniss’s Graphic Biography of Marie Curie˝, The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship, 10(1), 1-19.

Rifkind, Candida (2015), ˝The Seeing Eye of Scientific Graphic Biography˝, Biography, 38(1), 1–22.

Rifkind, Candida, Linda Warley (2016), Canadian Graphic: Picturing Life Narratives, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo

Sitar, Iztok (2017), Zgodovina slovenskega stripa: 1927-2017: Devetdeset let stripa na Slovenskem, Umco, Ljubljana

Smiljanić, Zoran, Blaž Vurnik (2019), Ivan Cankar: Images from Life (Ivan Cankar: Podobe iz življenja), Forum, Ljubljana

Spongberg, Mary, Gina Luria Walker (2020), Mary Hays’s ˝Female Biography˝: Collective Biography as Enlightenment Feminism, Routledge, London

Stanonik, Tončka, Lan Brenk (2008), Osebnosti: Veliki slovenski biografski leksikon, Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana

Stone, Albert E. (1982), Autobiographical Occasions and Original Acts: Versions of American Identity from Henry Adams to Nate Shaw, Philadelphia, PA

Stripburger (n/d), ˝Blaž Vurnik in Zoran Smiljanić: Ivan Cankar: podobe iz življenja˝, Accessed January 29, 2022. https://www.stripburger.org/blaz- vurnik-zoran-smiljanic-ivan-cankar-podobe-iz-zivljenja/

Styer, Sandra (1982), ˝Exploring Women’s Political Careers through Biographies˝, The Social Studies, 73(4), 175–177.

Turnbull, Gordon (2019), James Boswell (1740–1795), Lawyer, Diarist, and Biographer of Samuel Johnson, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Wagner-Martin, Linda (2013), A History of American Literature: 1950 to the Present, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester - Malden

Wagner-Martin, Linda (1996), Telling Women’s Lives: The New Biography, Rutgers University Press, USA

Weber, Wibke, Hans-Martin Rall (2017), ˝Authenticity in comics journalism. Visual strategies for reporting facts˝, Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics, 8(4), 376-397.

Wertham, Fredric (1954), Seduction of the Innocent, Rinehart, New York

Williams, Kristian (2005), ˝The Case for Comics Journalism: Artist-Reporters Leap Tall Conventions in a Single Bound˝, Columbia Journalism Review, 43(6), 51–55.

Whitlock, Gillian, Anna Poletti (2008), ˝Self-regarding art˝, Biography, 31(1), v-xxiii

Yow, Valerie Raleigh (2015), Recording Oral History: A Guide for the Humanities and Social Sciences, Rowman & Littlefield




DOI: https://doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2022.7.4.261

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 2490-3604 (print) ● ISSN: 2490-3647 (online)

Društvene i humanističke studije - DHS is under the Creative Commons licence.